5500 BC to 3500 BC (Neolithic) In Baluchistan and the Indus plains, settlements like Mehrgarh and Kili Ghul Muhammad came up. Beginning with pastoralism with limited cultivation and seasonal occupation of the villages, permanent villages gradually emerged. Knowledge of wheat, barley, dates, cotton, sheep, goat and cattle existed, and there are evidences of mud houses, pottery and craft-production.
3500 BC to 2600 BC (Early Harappan Period) Many more settlements established in the hills and the plains. Largest numbers of villages occur in this period. Use of copper, wheel and plough. Extraordinary range of pottery forms showing beginning of many regional traditions. Evidence of granary, defensive walls, and long distance trade. Emergence of uniformities in the pottery tradition throughout the Indus Valley. Also, the origins of such motifs as pipal, humped bulls, cobras, homed deity etc.
2600 BC to 1800 BC (Mature Harappan Period) Emergence of large cities, uniform types of bricks, weights, seals, beads and pottery. Planned township and long distance trade.
1800 BC onwards (Late Harappan Period) Many Harappan sites abandoned. Continuation of Harappan crafts and pottery tradition. The village cultures of Punjab, Sutlej-Jamuna divide. Gujarat imbibes the Harappan crafts and pottery tradition.
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